Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Diseases

This reference book offers an in-depth analysis of the fundamental aspects, causative agents, and clinical manifestations of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases of viral origin (EID-REID). It elucidates the role of evolutionary processes in the emergence, adaptation, and dissemination of pathogens. The initial chapter explores the causative agents behind EID-REID, providing a comprehensive overview of their origins, characteristics, and modes of transmission. The book further presents the structure, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of various viral pathogens, including notable viruses such as the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Orthonairovirus (CCHFV), Rift Valley fever virus, Lassa virus, Nipah virus (NiV), Filoviridae, and coronaviruses (MERS, SARS, SARS-CoV-2). Additionally, the book elucidates the multifaceted landscape of treatment strategies, highlighting the pivotal role of pharmacological strategies, investigational drugs, vaccines, and immunomodulatory approaches. It also underscores the importance of clinical examination, immunoassays, and molecular diagnostic techniques for the early detection and accurate diagnosis of viral EID-REID. Toward the end, the book sheds light on the pivotal role of the Ayurveda, homoeopathic system of medicine, medical nutrition therapy, computational biology, bioinformatics, and systems biology in advancing disease management paradigms. This book is intended for epidemiologists, virologists, infectious disease specialists, and other healthcare practitioners who seek in-depth knowledge about emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.

Srijan Goswami, an author and editor of several medical science books, is pursuing Ph.D. in Biotechnology from the Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, India. He is a physician of biochemic system of medicine and also holds a specialization in Medical Biotechnology and Clinical Nutrition. He received his professional training on Community Nutrition and Child Care, Medical Microbiology, Medical Biochemistry, and Diabetes Counseling from reputed medical colleges in Kolkata, India. He has taught at several paramedical and lifesciences departments of reputed colleges and institutions. He is presently associated as Research Coordinator, Biomedical Research and Allied Sciences Division, Voice of Environment, Assam, India. Dr. Goswami has around 11 years of experience in the field of teaching and research and has published over 5 books (+8 in the pipeline) and ~40 research papers in national and international journals. He has independently and successfully guided around ten undergraduate and postgraduate students in their research work in the past three years. Dr. Goswami has received four Letters of Commendation for Global Community Services and Certificate of Honor for his contribution to the field of Science and Knowledge from the International Journal of Agricultural Research, Sustainability and Food Sufficiency (IJARSFS), International Journal of Advances in Medical Sciences and Biotechnology (IJAMSB), and International Journal of Health, Safety and Environment (IJHSE) in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2023, respectively. The Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science (Enviro Research Group) and Academia Scholarly Journals have awarded him the Certificate of Excellence as Reviewer in 2020, 2021, and 2023. He is actively associated with the Editorial Review Board of 15 international journals.

Sangita Agarwal is working as Associate Professor in the Department of Applied Science at RCC Institute of Information Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. She completed her B.Sc. in Chemistry in 1992 from the University of Calcutta, West Bengal, and M.Sc. in Biochemistry in 1994. She obtained her Ph.D. degree in 2001 from Jadavpur University, West Bengal. She was a project participant in the Indo-Hungarian Exchange program under DST, New Delhi, in 1998–1999. She has eight years of full time postdoctoral research experience in various capacities and teaching experience of 13 years. She worked as Visiting Academic in Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, during April–September 2008, under the Endeavour fellowship, sponsored by the Government of Australia. She is also the recipient of DST Women Scientist fellowship, sponsored by the Government of India, during 2009–2012. She also worked as Visiting Faculty for the Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology as well as MSIT, Kolkata. She has to her credit more than 50 scientific research papers and articles, 3 books, and more than 10 book chapters on health, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, environmental science, and environmental biology. She is Life Member of the Indian Chemical Society.

Moharana Choudhury is an Indian researcher and environmentalist. He is a Researcher Coordinator in the Environmental Research and Management Division, Voice of Environment (VoE), Guwahati, Assam, India. Choudhury has worked on various scientific projects across multiple government departments and has more than 14 years of research and working experience in environmental research and services. He began his career as a research intern at the National Institute of Disaster Management in New Delhi, followed by the North Eastern Space Application Center (Department of Space, Government of India/ISRO Unit) as a Junior Research Fellow. Choudhury has authored or edited more than ten books with internationally reputed publishing houses and more than 40 articles in national and internationally reputed journals, proceedings, and more than 35 book chapters. He has written many articles and scientific reports in popular magazines. He has been working as an editor and reviewer of various prestigious international publishing houses worldwide, such as Elsevier, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Springer, Wiley, CRC Press/Routledge group, Apple Academic Press, Cambridge Scholar Publishing, etc. Choudhury is working on various environmental conservation activities in Assam and throughout the country. He has worked on several initiatives to integrate environmentally sustainable projects for iconic heritage places, wetlands, and ecotourism spots in Assam, India, especially for cleanliness and beating single-use plastic pollution missions. He contributes to various environmental research, management, social media mass awareness, and research studies. He is also well known in India for his efforts to implement environmental education and safeguard the privileges of environmental degree holders in India. He has completed his education as an MSc, PGDGIS, PGDEM, and PGCGARD from Gurukul Kangri Deemed to be University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, North Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong Meghalaya, Tezpur University, Assam, and National Institute of Rural Development Panchayati Raj (NIRDPR) Hyderabad, Telangana, India, respectively.

Sangita Agarwal is working as Associate Professor in the Department of Applied Science at RCC Institute of Information Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. She completed her B.Sc. in Chemistry in 1992 from the University of Calcutta, West Bengal, and M.Sc. in Biochemistry in 1994. She obtained her

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