Constitutionalizing the Private Sphere

Beyond the State: Constitutional Rights in the Private Sphere

Do private actors have constitutional duties? Traditionally, only government actors are responsible for upholding constitutional rights. However, courts and constitution-makers are increasingly assigning constitutional duties to private actors.

A landlord may have constitutional duties to their tenants, and a sports club may even have duties to its fans. This book argues that this phenomenon of applying rights ‘ho…