Freedom's Laboratory

A strong contribution to the history of modern science.—Kirkus Reviews, starred reviewHistorian Wolfe offers a thoughtful, thoroughly researched history of how the American government employed science and scientists to improve world opinion of liberal democracy during the Cold War … [R]eaders with an interest in the conjunction of science and politics will find her book an informative one.—Publishers Weekly, starred reviewCold-war history, Wolfe writes, is not a heroes-and-villains narrative: it must be told in ‘shades of gray.’ The government used scientists’ ideals for its own political reasons. And the scientists, who saw themselves as apolitical, used the government’s political messages and support to question, observe, conclude, write and speak—freely and in accord with their ideals.—NatureOne of the common misbeliefs about science is that it is apolitical. Actually, as historian Wolfe reveals in her well-researched and closely argued study, during the Cold War, American scientists were often deeply involved in promoting American cultural values to other parts of the world in an effort to defeat the communists at the same game. An excellent study on a topic that deserves more attention.—Library JournalWolfe’s new book, Freedom’s Laboratory, frontally addresses questions of what science is, how it is best done, and how it (and scientists themselves) might be strategically deployed to advance national interests.—LA Review of BooksAudra Wolfe’s provocative new book, Freedom’s Laboratory, dives into the fascinating history of why asserting the apolitical nature of science became a political priority during another notably politicized period in America’s past: the Cold War.—ScienceCarefully researched works on the Cultural Cold War, like Freedom’s Laboratory, reveal what a murky world we have inherited. Scientists fighting against restrictions on their profession used the language of crusading anti-Communism, defining their work as apolitical and therefore free. But it was neither. The point is not, as Wolfe argues clearly, that ‘freedom’ is an impossible value to hold, nor that scientific internationalism isn’t worth defending, nor that the fiction of apolitical science means that science is better off being relentlessly politicized. The point, rather, is that power and knowledge are always entwined. During the Cold War, American institutions were assumed to be ideal by default. We now know more than enough to understand that they were not, and that the task of making them better belongs to us.—New RepublicExplores the science of the Cold War beyond its more tangible role in developing weapons. Instead, Wolfe focuses on science as propaganda, part of America’s psychological offensive designed to convince people to buy into American ideology. She traces the perception that science should be free and unimpeded by borders and politics to this era.—The VergeIt is hard to imagine a history of science that is more timely than one that situates our current political environment in the context of the Cold War … Wolfe’s text is essential reading for both students and scientists who have been immersed in the idea of science as an apolitical pursuit.—Physics TodayThis book is a well-written and information-packed account of science’s roles in American culture and diplomacy during the cold war and its denouement. [A] strength is the depth and breadth of the archival and historical research offered.—MetascienceTest DBR

Audra J. Wolfe is a Philadelphia-based writer, editor, and historian. She is the author of Competing with the Soviets: Science, Technology, and the State in Cold War America. Her work has appeared in the Washington Post, The Atlantic, and the podcast American History Tellers.